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{"id":257,"date":"2012-05-05T21:49:13","date_gmt":"2012-05-05T21:49:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/toywing.com.br\/?p=257"},"modified":"2020-05-31T03:48:57","modified_gmt":"2020-05-31T03:48:57","slug":"naca-o-que-e-e-como-funciona","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toywing.com.br\/naca-o-que-e-e-como-funciona\/","title":{"rendered":"NACA – O que \u00e9 e como funciona"},"content":{"rendered":"

O que \u00e9 NACA?<\/span><\/p>\n

Nada mais \u00e9 do que uma norma t\u00e9cnica que d\u00e1 as caracter\u00edsticas do perfil (eixo xy) do aerof\u00f3lio.<\/p>\n

No nosso caso, o perfil de NACA 0010 \u00e9 dado pelos pontos:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Upper x<\/strong><\/td>\nUpper y<\/strong><\/td>\nLower x<\/strong><\/td>\nLower y<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0<\/strong><\/td>\n0<\/strong><\/td>\n0<\/strong><\/td>\n0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
.25<\/strong><\/td>\n.7<\/strong><\/td>\n.25<\/strong><\/td>\n-.7<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
.5<\/strong><\/td>\n.95<\/strong><\/td>\n.5<\/strong><\/td>\n-.95<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/strong><\/td>\n1.4<\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\n-1.4<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.25<\/strong><\/td>\n1.60<\/strong><\/td>\n1.25<\/strong><\/td>\n-1.58<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.5<\/strong><\/td>\n2.20<\/strong><\/td>\n2.5<\/strong><\/td>\n-2.18<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/strong><\/td>\n2.98<\/strong><\/td>\n5<\/strong><\/td>\n-2.96<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.5<\/strong><\/td>\n3.51<\/strong><\/td>\n7.5<\/strong><\/td>\n-3.5<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/strong><\/td>\n3.95<\/strong><\/td>\n10<\/strong><\/td>\n-3.9<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/strong><\/td>\n4.47<\/strong><\/td>\n15<\/strong><\/td>\n-4.46<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/strong><\/td>\n4.78<\/strong><\/td>\n20<\/strong><\/td>\n-4.78<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/strong><\/td>\n4.95<\/strong><\/td>\n25<\/strong><\/td>\n-4.95<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/strong><\/td>\n5<\/strong><\/td>\n30<\/strong><\/td>\n-5<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/strong><\/td>\n4.84<\/strong><\/td>\n40<\/strong><\/td>\n-4.84<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/strong><\/td>\n4.41<\/strong><\/td>\n50<\/strong><\/td>\n-4.41<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/strong><\/td>\n3.8<\/strong><\/td>\n60<\/strong><\/td>\n-3.8<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/strong><\/td>\n3.05<\/strong><\/td>\n70<\/strong><\/td>\n-3.05<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/strong><\/td>\n2.19<\/strong><\/td>\n80<\/strong><\/td>\n2.19<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/strong><\/td>\n1.21<\/strong><\/td>\n90<\/strong><\/td>\n-1.21<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
100<\/strong><\/td>\n.11<\/strong><\/td>\n100<\/strong><\/td>\n-.11<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Pelo programa Mathematica, podemos atrav\u00e9s do comando \u2018Fit\u2019 descobrir qual a fun\u00e7\u00e3o de cada curva ( a do extra e intradorso), s\u00e3o elas:<\/p>\n

E = 0.0000606824276334679701 + 1.63756860254691138* x0.605326876513317202<\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0– 0.263699191260363052*x<\/p>\n

I = 0.0096719243581745502 – 1.64625045045784741* x0.6100128126906650436<\/sup>\u00a0+<\/strong>\u00a00.271086647497547561*x<\/p>\n

Veja como seria o perfil desse NACA:<\/p>\n

\"wpe7.jpg<\/p>\n

\u00a0A partir de agora, todos os c\u00e1lculos estar\u00e3o sujeitos a um fator de corre\u00e7\u00e3o para a escala real S=0,018 .Iniciamos agora com o c\u00e1lculo do comprimento do extra e intradorso pela formula:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Isso, porque , como o tempo que o ar leva para pecorrer tanto o extra como o intradorso \u00e9 o mesmo, haver\u00e1 um delta de velocidade entre as faces e com isso diferen\u00e7a de press\u00e3o, ou seja, SUSTENTA\u00c7\u00c3O .<\/span><\/p>\n

Assim para o extradorso temos: Comprimento extra\u00a0<\/span>= 1.82567m;<\/p>\n

E para o intra: Comprimento intra = 1.82538m.<\/p>\n

Analogamente, para o NACA 23012:<\/p>\n

Os pontos:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Upper x<\/small><\/td>\nUpper y<\/small><\/td>\nLower x<\/small><\/td>\nLower y<\/small><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
.2<\/td>\n.65<\/td>\n.2<\/td>\n-.55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
.5<\/td>\n1.55<\/td>\n.5<\/td>\n-.85<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\n2.3<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n-1.15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.25<\/td>\n2.67<\/td>\n1.25<\/td>\n-1.23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.5<\/td>\n3.61<\/td>\n2.5<\/td>\n-1.71<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n4.91<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n-2.26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.5<\/td>\n5.8<\/td>\n7.5<\/td>\n-2.61<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\n6.43<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n-2.92<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\n7.19<\/td>\n15<\/td>\n-3.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n7.5<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n-3.97<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\n7.6<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n-4.28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n7.55<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n-4.46<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n7.14<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n-4.48<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\n6.41<\/td>\n50<\/td>\n-4.17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\n5.47<\/td>\n60<\/td>\n-3.67<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\n4.36<\/td>\n70<\/td>\n-3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\n3.08<\/td>\n80<\/td>\n-2.16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\n1.68<\/td>\n90<\/td>\n-1.23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95<\/td>\n.92<\/td>\n95<\/td>\n-.70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
100<\/td>\n.13<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n-.13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

As equa\u00e7\u00f5es:<\/span><\/p>\n

E = 0.000568442138250302431 + 2.66218306475660515* x0.581223009456498385<\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 0.386397298071799255*x<\/p>\n

I = 0.000926293765223591742 \u2013 1.33146805501421972* x0.712514606549434237<\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0+ 0.354463051698646758*x<\/p>\n

\u00a0Assim o perfil ser\u00e1:<\/p>\n

\u00a0\"wpe9.jpg<\/span><\/p>\n

Comprimento do extra e intra dorso:<\/span><\/p>\n

Comprimento extra = 1.85559 m;<\/p>\n

Comprimento intra = 1.81777 m.<\/p>\n

Calculando a velocidade m\u00ednima (Stol):<\/p>\n

Como nessa situa\u00e7\u00e3o o peso deve ser igual a for\u00e7a de sustenta\u00e7\u00e3o, temos:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Supondo que a massa(m) do avi\u00e3o seja m =2000 kg , o g local = 9.8 m\/s\u00b2 e K = 4.42 . E considerando o coeficiente de sustenta\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dio entre as duas NACAs que dispon\u00edveis teremos a velocidade m\u00ednima de v\u00f4o ( velocidade de Stol) :<\/span><\/p>\n

VStol<\/sub>\u00a0= 100.519 km\/h (54.276 n\u00f3s)<\/span><\/p>\n

Com esse dados obtidos, suadamente, e continuando suando, vamos calcular a Sustenta\u00e7\u00e3o pela diferen\u00e7a da press\u00e3o din\u00e2mica entre as faces superior e inferior do aerof\u00f3lio.<\/span><\/p>\n

Como j\u00e1 foi discutido:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

ent\u00e3o a velocidade ve<\/sub>\u00a0para asa \u00e9:<\/p>\n

ve<\/sub>\u00a0= 101.5702 km\/h (54.844 n\u00f3s);<\/strong><\/p>\n

Press\u00e3o din\u00e2mica:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

[q<\/em>] = Pa = N\/m\u00b2;<\/p>\n

w = 9.94<\/p>\n

A Sustenta\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 dada por:<\/p>\n

L = Cl A (qe\u00a0<\/sub><\/em>\u2013\u00a0qi<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0) [L] = N<\/p>\n

Como a proje\u00e7\u00e3o horizontal do Sukhoi \u00e9:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/em><\/p>\n

Temos sua \u00e1rea projetada (A) aproximadamente igual a 9,57 m\u00b2.<\/p>\n

Como o NACA n\u00e3o \u00e9 constante nas nervuras, iremos usar um artif\u00edcio matem\u00e1tico para calcular o seu volume:<\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Onde :<\/span><\/p>\n

b \u00e9 comprimento da asa;<\/p>\n

a = 0 (zero);<\/p>\n

Ba : Bordo de ataque (y = 1.8 + 0.0175 x);<\/p>\n

Bf : Bordo de fuga ( y = 0.0349 x);<\/p>\n

Assim:<\/p>\n

V = 0.970104 m\u00b3 (970.104 litros)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Para otimizarmos esse aerof\u00f3lio, precisamos do arrasto. Como j\u00e1 mostrado:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

onde S \u00e9 a \u00e1rea da se\u00e7\u00e3o transversal da asa, isso \u00e9, a \u00e1rea da vista frontal.<\/span><\/p>\n

Para essa, temos no NACA 23012 os pontos de maior amplitude: (30,7.6) no extradorso e (30,-4,46) , tendo assim uma amplitude de 12.01.<\/span><\/p>\n

E no NACA 0010, os pontos s\u00e3o: para o extra (30,5) e no intra (30,-5), com amplitude de 10.<\/p>\n

Desse modo a \u00e1rea da vista frontal ( que tem a forma de um trap\u00e9sio de lado maio = 12.01*0.018 , e lado menor = 10*0.018 e altura de 5.8 m) \u00e9 1.1489 m\u00b2.<\/p>\n

Pelo diagrama abaixo, podemos deduzir que:<\/p>\n

\"Arrasto5.gif<\/p>\n

Sendo:<\/span><\/p>\n

tg\u00a0a<\/span>\u00a0= L \/ D<\/p>\n

assim:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Se tg\u00a0a<\/span>\u00a0for menor que o definido para essa asa, o avi\u00e3o n\u00e3o ir\u00e1 voar, pois isso significa que o peso est\u00e1 igual a for\u00e7a de sustenta\u00e7\u00e3o, isso \u00e9 , est\u00e1 na imin\u00eancia de come\u00e7ar a cair.<\/p>\n

Para essa asa, que tem os NACAs variando iremos calcular a m\u00e9dia aritm\u00e9tica dos coeficientes de sustenta\u00e7\u00e3o (Cl<\/sub>) e dos coeficientes de arrasto (Cd<\/sub>).<\/p>\n

Ent\u00e3o se\u00a0a<\/span>\u00a0for menor que 86.5649o<\/sup>\u00a0a aeronave n\u00e3o conseguir\u00e1 voar!!!<\/p>\n

Agora vamos ver algumas varia\u00e7\u00f5es das equa\u00e7\u00f5es que foi aproximada para os NACAs que possu\u00edmos:<\/p>\n